Sleepwalking, also referred to as somnambulism, is a behaviour disorder that originates during deep sleep. It is much more common in children than adults and is more likely to occur if the person is sleep deprived. Sleepwalking not only includes walking in sleep, it also includes the person performing other complex behaviors while being asleep such as sitting up or standing in bed or acting as if they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep.
The mystery behind sleepwalking
Since sleepwalking is closely linked to sleep deprivation, it can lead to violent behaviours and can affect the health of the person. A study by French scientists found that sleepwalkers were prone to more daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Sleepwalking once in a while is not a problem but if it occurs more frequently (daily or once a week), then it is a good idea to consult a doctor. There are no medicines or prescriptions for this disorder. The only way of improving the condition is by practicing sleep hygiene.
Good sleep, good life
Sleep hygiene or sleep health consists of different practices and habits that are necessary to have good night-time sleep and full daytime alertness. Sleep hygiene practices include:
- Going to sleep at the same time every night.
- Keeping day-time naps below 20 minutes.
- Limiting heavy food and drinks late at night.
- Limiting the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, T.V, etc.
- Using the bed only for sleeping.
- Breathing or meditation.
- Avoiding narcotics and alcohol.
Keeping the bedroom temperature between 60 degree Fahrenheit and 67 degree Fahrenheit can contribute to sleep health. Reading a book or listening to music can also help with improving sleep hygiene. Taking too long to sleep, frequent sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness are signs of poor sleep hygiene.
Inside the brain
Almost all of us have sleepwalked at some point in time, especially in our childhood. It is commonly seen in children of age 3 to 7. It is a common misconception that sleepwalkers should not be woken up. This is based on the belief that a person’s soul would leave their body during sleep and hence waking them is dangerous. In fact, waking sleep-walkers does not cause them any harm. They tend to be confused or might be disoriented when woken.
During sleepwalking, the part of the brain that stores memories and help in making conscious decisions are asleep while the part of the brain that is capable of making complex behaviour is awake. This is the reason why sleepwalkers show complex behaviour while not remembering them sleepwalking when woken.
Sleepwalking is partly genetic. A study showed that 80% of the sleepwalkers have a close relative who had the history of sleepwalking. Another recent study suggests that sleepwalkers may have a multi-tasking advantage while they are awake and that they may be quick to detect changes in the surroundings.
Sleepwalking can be quite harmful when associated with REM (Rapid Eye Movement)-sleep disorder. It may lead to conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.
Sleepwalking is a harmless event and requires medical consultation if it causes injury and occurs often. To those who sleepwalk as if it is their normal, make sure your environment is safe so as to prevent any injury. Look out for a pattern with the help of another person and establish a regular routine to follow before bedtime.
